The Science of Reading
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The Science of Reading is a large body of research that explains how the brain learns to read—and how reading should be taught.
For decades, scientists have studied how the brain processes spoken and written language. Their research shows that children learn to read best through systematic, explicit instruction.
Effective reading instruction builds these essential skills:
- Phonological Awareness – hearing and manipulating sounds in words
- Phonics – connecting letters to sounds
- Fluency – reading accurately and smoothly
- Vocabulary – understanding word meanings
- Comprehension – making meaning from what is read
When these skills are taught using engaging, multi-modal instruction, every child has the opportunity to become a confident reader.
Because every child deserves the gift of reading. No Yeah Buts!
Braiding a rope
Imagine learning to read like braiding a rope. Each strand is an important skill. Structured instruction in all strands is necessary for confident reading to occur. If one strand is weak the process breaks down. As children practice and grow their skills, the strands become stronger and weave together to create skilled readers.
Building strong readers
Think of these five components as the building blocks of reading, with comprehension being the ultimate goal. Each one supports the others, and together they help children become skilled, confident readers.